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Title:
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Measurement of the decrease of ammonia emission by manure injection relative to surface application: a field test at Zegveld
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Author(s):
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Published by:
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Publication date:
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ECN
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1-12-1998
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ECN report number:
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Document type:
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ECN-R--98-026
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Other
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Number of pages:
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Full text:
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27
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Download PDF
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Abstract:
In order to study the effectiveness of manure injection, an experimentwas conducted by IMAG-DLO, TNO-MEP and ECN at the experimental agricultural
farm at Zegveld. The aim of the experiments was to compare the different
techniques to determine the emission rates of ammonia and to evaluate the
emission reduction efficiency of the injector. On two plots located close to
each other, the same amount of manure with the same composition was applied
with different techniques. On the first plot the manure was applied with the
conventional surface technique, while on the second plot the manure was
injected into the soil. The emissions from the two plots were determined with
three different techniques: the mass balance technique (IMAG-DLO), plume
measurements on fixed locations using a tracer (TNO-MEP) and plume
measurements using a fast mobile ammonia sensor (ECN). In this report the
results of the ECN method are described in detail and the results of the
three methods are compared. The decrease in emission as the result of
injection of manure during the first day was 70% compared to the conventional
surface application method. After the first day the background concentration
was so high that the emissions of the two plots could not be measured
anymore. From the three methods to measure the emission, the method of
IMAG-DLO and ECN compared reasonably well, although for the plot where the
manure was injected, a systematic difference was found, probably as the
result of the high background concentrations. The method of TNO-MEP yielded
systematically too low emissions, probably as the result of problems with the
ammonia concentration measurement technique which was used. The plume
measurements have been shown to be a valuable method to determine the
emissions from fields where manure is applied. The cross section of a plume
downwind of a source provides a good estimate of the emission, provided
accurate meteorological measurements are available, the site is well
characterised and an accurate model is available. 4 refs.
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