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ECN publication
Title:
Storage and transformation of waste heat
 
Author(s):
Bach, P.W.; Haije, W.G.
 
Published by: Publication date:
ECN Energy Efficiency in Industry 1-11-1999
 
ECN report number: Document type:
ECN-RX--99-037 Article (scientific)
 
Number of pages:
13  

Published in: Contribution to the 4th IAE-Annex 10 workshop, Phase Change Materials and Chemical Reactions for Energy Storage, October 28-29, (), , , Vol., p.-.

Abstract:
In a recently finished project the storage of heat in a cheap andflexible water bag in combination with different kinds of heat generation options like solar collectors, heat pumps, co-generation and district heating have been investigated. Model studies showed that energy savings up to about 15% are possible. In a test system consisting of a thermally insulated, flexible 7 m3 water bag, a heat generating and a heat-destroying unit, measurements have been performed in order to confirm the calculated savings. Upgraded low quality heat can very well be used for both heating and cooling purposes. Upgrading can take place using a so-called chemical heat pump (CHP) with inherent storage possibilities, operating in a continuous or batch-wise mode. Reversible decomposition reactions of organic or inorganic substances are used to achieve the required temperature lift. An advantage of the CHP is that temperature lifts can be larger than 100 deg C. Systems studies and an economical analysis showed that CHPs with reactions like isopropanol <-> acetone hydrogen using a distillation column for separation after the dehydrogenation reaction will become too expensive to be applied in industry. The development of the SWEAT (Salt-Water Energy Accumulation and Transformation) system is a project directed to cooling applications (5-15 deg C) in industry and air-conditioning in commercial buildings and the automotive sector using waste heat at about 80 deg C. This system uses the dehydration/hydration of Na2S. An inherent advantage is the storage of energy (cold or heat) after regeneration of the system. The current R and D are directed to corrosion protection, the design of the evaporator and the feasibility of using other solid/vapour pairs for different temperature windows


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