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Title:
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Outdoor operational stability of indium-free flexible polymer solar modules over 1 year studied in India, Holland and Denmark
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Author(s):
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Angmo, D.; Sommeling, P.M.; Gupta, R.; Hosel, M.; Gevorgyan, A.S.; Kroon, J.M.; Kulkarni, G.U.; Krebs, F.C.
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Published by:
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Publication date:
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ECN
Solar Energy
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25-3-2014
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ECN report number:
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Document type:
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ECN-W--14-025
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Article (scientific)
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Number of pages:
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12
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Published in: Advanced Energy Materials (Wiley-VCH), , 2014, Vol.16, no. 8, p.976-987.
Abstract:
We present an outdoor interlaboratory stability study of fully printed and coated indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free polymer solar cell modules in JNCASR Bangalore (India), ECN (Holland), and DTU
(Denmark) carried over more than 1 year. The modules comprising a fully printed and coated stack
(Ag grid/PEDOT:PSS/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag grid) were prepared in two successive generations and evaluated for outdoor operational stability according to the test protocols laid out by
the International Summit on OPV stability (ISOS-3). The modules (70–100 cm2 active area) were
encapsulated between two sheets of low-cost plastic barrier material with the use of a UV curing
adhesive. The impact of differences in the climatic conditions on the performance of the modules is highlighted and the performance of the modules under storage conditions in parallel with the
outdoor study is investigated. While all Gen-I modules failed, the best devices of Gen-II module in which simple improvement in the encapsulation scheme (Gen-II modules) was carried out
maintained 95% of the initial performance after 1 year of outdoor testing. We provide detailed
insight into the failure mode and offer a discussion on the need for improvement in flexible
encapsulation. Finally, recommendations on future encapsulation schemes are also presented.
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