|
Title:
|
|
Energiegebruik elektrische 'VW Caravelle': verwerking en analyse van meetgegevens uit de praktijkproef
|
|
|
|
Author(s):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Published by:
|
Publication date:
|
|
ECN
Policy Studies
|
1-10-1999
|
|
|
|
ECN report number:
|
Document type:
|
|
ECN-C--99-070
|
ECN publication
|
|
|
|
Number of pages:
|
Full text:
|
|
59
|
Download PDF
|
Abstract:
The demonstration project with electric Volkswagen Caravelles started atthe end of 1995 with 3 vehicles. During the project the number of vehicles
increased up to 12. The Volkswagen Caravelle is a small passenger bus with 7
seats. The objective of the project is to gain experience with electric
vehicles in daily use. The aim of the various measurements which were carried
out is to get an insight into the behaviour of the electric vehicles used.
The prime area of the investigation is related to the energy use. The first
measurements on the road showed a much higher energy consumption compared to
what was expected on the basis of rolling road measurements. During the
demonstration project it quickly became obvious that the initially high
energy consumption showed a gradual reduction in time. To drive efficiently
with the electric VW Caravelle is clearly a process of familiarisation. To
explain the differences in energy consumption of the different participants
an extensive search for possible causes was carried out. lt is remarkable
that there seems to be no direct relationship between the average speed of a
trip and the energy used. The duration of a trip can have a significant
impact on the energy use of a vehicle. Most vehicles followed the trend that
the longer the trip the lower the energy use per kilometre driven. The
possibility to recuperate braking energy is an important characteristic of
electric vehicles. For an electric vehicle it presents a possibility to
extend its range on one battery charge. Recuperation percentages of 5.9 to
15.9% were measured during the demonstration project. During the period over
which measurements of the energy consumption from the grid were ta- ken, the
actual primary energy use of the electric VW Caravelle was higher than for a
conventional diesel version. The most important reason for this finding is
the fact that the total losses in the charging process of the traction
batteries are so high (55%). Even if a period is taken in which the electric
VW Caravelle was at its most frugal, the primary energy use was still
slightly above that of the diesel version. The charging process of the
traction battery as specified by the battery manufacturer is mainly
responsible for the substantial losses. Further investigation will be
necessary to reduce the losses in the charging process of the battery. Fast
charging is already a possibility to reduce the charging losses. 7 refs.
Back to List