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Title:
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Policy options to maximise zero-emissions vehicle sales in 2035
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Author(s):
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Published by:
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Publication date:
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ECN
Policy Studies
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21-4-2015
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ECN report number:
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Document type:
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ECN-O--15-002
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Other
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Number of pages:
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Full text:
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20
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Download PDF
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Abstract:
• Reaching 100% Zero-Emissions Vehicles (ZEVs) sales in NL in 2035 - incentivised by European post-2021 CO2 policy alone - would require a low 2025 CO2 emissions target (about 68 g/km), followed by an annual decrease of the CO2 limit at about the same pace.
• Super credits are an attractive supporting option on the short-term, if bounded by both a low bonus factor and an overall cap.They also need to be phased out with increasing ZEVs share.
• Introducing ZEV quotas could be considered if the European post-2021 CO2 trajectory will lack ambition and a long-term target. The option of tradable ZEV quotas offers the highest flexibility.
• Including transport in the ETS, as an alternative for the vehicle CO2 standards, would mean a much smaller stimulation of ZEV production and thus would postpone ZEV mass-market penetration. Likewise, the Effort Sharing Decision on its own will not enhance ZEV mass-market penetration.
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