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Title:
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Techno-economic analysis of the Sailing Heat concept
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Author(s):
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Published by:
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Publication date:
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ECN
Biomass & Energy Efficiency
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28-6-2017
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ECN report number:
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Document type:
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ECN-M--17-009
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Conference Paper
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Number of pages:
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Full text:
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9
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Download PDF
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Abstract:
Sailing Heat is a concept for transportation of industrial waste heat over waterways by means of push barges to a heat consumer. This concept is studied for the Netherlands where transport by ship is attractive thanks to the many canals and industries located near waterways. The sailing heat concept offers higher flexibility compared to fixed district heating pipelines and can be more cost effective in comparison to road transport. The concept is based on storage and distribution of heat at temperatures between 80 and 120°C and large-scale transport of more than 500 GJ per unit.
The study includes the development of a thermal storage concept that offers a high thermal storage density based on Phase Change Materials (PCM) for heat storage. Potentially applicable PCM’s were selected based on literature study and small scale thermal analysis experiments. MgCl2•6H2O was selected as PCM having the right combination of melting temperature, storage capacity, stability and cost. The design of the PCM thermal storage container was elaborated, using thermal modelling to obtain the distribution of heat exchange area in the container to deliver the required thermal powers for charging and discharging. The economic analysis of the Sailing Heat concept includes the estimation of capital cost and operational cost to transport the heat by boat over a distance of approx. 20 km between industry and heat user. The revenues are based on the amount of heat sold at the end user at market prices. The calculated payback period is just over 15 years, which is comparable to payback periods in conventional district heating. An increase of gas prices will reduce the payback period. The sailing heat concept can give a reduction of CO2 emissions for heating by 90%, compared to gas fired heating, and offers a very flexible concept to re-use industrial waste heat. Further development of the sailing heat concept requires upscaling and cost reduction of high temperature PCM storage concepts as well as availability of cost-effective and stable PCM bulk materials. In addition, subsidy schemes to stimulate renewable energy (heat) production can also help to demonstrate CO2 emission reduction solutions such as the sailing heat concept.
Keywords: Waste heat recovery and reuse; thermal energy storage; heat transportation; techno-economic analysis
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