| Title: | 
        
            | Worldwide outdoor round robin study of organic photovoltaic devices and modules | 
        
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            | Author(s): | 
        
            | 
	
                Madsen, M.V.; Gevorgyan, A.S. ; Kroon, J.M. ; Sommeling, P.M. ; et al, see document | 
        
            |  | 
        
            | Published by: | Publication date: | 
        
            | ECN
                Solar Energy | 1-8-2014 | 
        
            |  | 
        
            | ECN report number: | Document type: | 
        
            | ECN-W--14-024 | Article (scientific) | 
        
            |  | 
        
            | Number of pages: |  | 
        
            | 10 |  | 
    
    
        
        Published in: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells (Elsevier), , 2014, Vol.130, p.281-290.
        
    
    
        Abstract:
        Accurate characterization and reporting of organic photovoltaic (OPV) device performance remains 
one of the important challenges in the ?eld. The large spread among the ef?ciencies of devices with the same structure reported by  different groups is  signi?cantly caused by  different procedures and equipment used during testing. The  presented article addresses this issue by  offering a  new method of  device testing using “suitcase sample” approach combined with outdoor testing that limits the diversity of the equipment, and a  strict measurement protocol. A round robin outdoor characterization of  roll-to-roll coated OPV  cells   and modules conducted among 46  laboratories worldwide is  presented, where the samples and the testing equipment were integrated in  a compact suitcase that served both as  a sample transportation tool and as  a  holder and test equipment during testing. In  addition, an  internet based coordination was used via plasticphotovoltaics.org that allowed fast  and ef?cient communication among participants and provided a  controlled reporting format for  the results that eased the analysis of  the data. The  reported deviations among the laboratories were limited to 5%  when  compared to the Si reference device integrated in the suitcase and were up to 8% when calculated using the local irradiance data. Therefore, this method offers a fast,  cheap and ef?cient tool for  sample sharing and testing that allows conducting outdoor measurements of OPV devices in  a reproducible manner.
    
    
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