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Title:
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Marktkansen voor brandstofcellen in bedrijfsvoertuigen: deel 2: techniek
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Author(s):
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Published by:
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Publication date:
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ECN
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1-2-2000
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ECN report number:
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Document type:
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ECN-C--00-034
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ECN publication
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Number of pages:
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Full text:
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83
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Download PDF
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Abstract:
The components that are required in a fuel cell system are discussedin
terms of costs, availability, state of development, potentials and
limits.
These form the basis for suggestions for the design concept of a fuel
cell-driven bus. One conclusion is that at first a hybrid bus, based
on a
lightweight model, should be built. The choice for a hybrid bus means
that
the capacity of the fuel cell can be limited, which means a reduction
in
cost. It also means that the operation of the buses is less vulnerable
to
malfunctions in the fuel cell system. A Solid Polymer Fuel Cell (SPFC)
should
be applied. This type of fuel cell combines a high power density with
relative simplicity of operation. The perspectives for a commercially
attractive cost level are also positive. The Alkaline Fuel Cell is
at the
moment even cheaper than the SPFC, but this type of fuel cell is larger
and
heavier, and its chances for survival are not good. Hydrogen should
be used
as fuel at first. Later on it should be seriously considered whether
or not
to switch to another fuel, in combination with a reformer. Only if
an
attractive storage method for hydrogen becomes available, and the cost
of
hydrogen decreases substantially, is the use of hydrogen a real option
for
the future. In order to minimize the unknown factors and inherent risks
in a
first demonstration of fuel cell buses, nickel-cadmium batteries are
the most
suitable for buffering electrical energy. Other techniques still under
development such as super condensers or fly wheels fit in better with
the
need for a buffer with high power density. There is sufficient knowledge
in
the Netherlands to build fuel cell systems for buses and other vehicles
produced in small series. Industrial activity in the area of reformers
and
stacks is also a possibility. 73 refs.
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