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Title:
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Variability and Predictability of Large-Scale Wind Energy in the Netherlands
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Author(s):
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Brand, A.J.; Gibescu, M.; Boer, W.W. de
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Published by:
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Publication date:
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ECN
Wind Energy
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12-7-2010
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ECN report number:
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Document type:
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ECN-B--10-007
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Book
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Number of pages:
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Full text:
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32
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Download PDF
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Published in: Variability and Predictability of Large-Scale Wind Energy in the Netherlands, 259, 288, 978-953-7619-81-7, Wind Power.
Abstract:
This chapter presents in a national context energy balancing requirements due to the
variability and the limited predictability of wind energy in the thermal energy system of the
Netherlands. In addition options to reduce these requirements are discussed. To this end 7.8
GW of wind power capacity in a system with 35 GW of total capacity is considered. The
balancing requirements due to the cross-border flow of wind energy (export of domestic
wind energy or import of foreign wind energy) however are not covered as these require an
international context (ETSO, 2008). In addition the potential benefits of an intra-day market
are not explored.
This chapter is organized as follows. First, section 2 presents various scenarios for wind and
other energy capacity in the Netherlands, and introduces the structure of the Dutch
electricity market. Next, section 3 gives a short overview of studies which addressed
balancing energy reduction options in the contexts of the electricity markets in Denmark,
Germany and Spain. Section 4 continues with the modeling of wind variability and wind
predictability and its relevance to wind energy integration. Sections 5 and 6 then present the
balancing energy requirements due to wind variability and limited wind predictability.
Subsequently, section 7 discusses options to reduce the extra balancing energy
requirements, which options include short-term forecast updates, aggregation, pumped
storage, compressed air energy storage, fast start-up units, inverse offshore pump
accumulation system, and wind farm shut-down strategies. Finally, section 8 summarizes
the results.
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