Publications

Skip Navigation Links.
Recently Published
Collapse per documenttypeper documenttype
Collapse ECN publicationECN publication
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1977
Expand BookBook
Expand ArticleArticle
Expand Article (scientific)Article (scientific)
Expand Conference PaperConference Paper
Expand PresentationPresentation
Expand OtherOther
Expand External memoExternal memo
Expand LeafletLeaflet
Expand per Unitper Unit
Expand per Clusterper Cluster

Search for publications:


Limit search to the fields

ECN publication
Title:
Strategies for reducing emissions and depositions in Central andEastern European countries: the case of the Czech Republic [ECN-C--94-101]
 
Author(s):
Harmelen, T. van; Kruijk, H. de; Stoffer, A.; Maly, M.
 
Published by: Publication date:
ECN Policy Studies 1995
 
ECN report number: Document type:
ECN-C--94-101 ECN publication
 
Number of pages: Full text:
59 Download PDF  

Abstract:
A detailed case study on developments and reduction of acidifying SO2and NOx emissions from the energy system was conducted for the Czech Republic. Scenarios and the Energy Flow Optimization Model - Environment (EFOM-ENV) of the European Union (DG 12) were applied for the first time in the Czech Republic and were similar to those that were used in the other European country studies in preparation of the Second Sulphur Protocol. Czech SO2 emissions can be reduced at low marginal costs, but at high total national costs compared with e.g. the Netherlands. The main reasons for this are the high sulphur content of (brown) coal, that has a high share in national energy consumption, a relatively high energy intensity, low wages, and the fact that most Western countries already have reduced their SO2 emissions in the past. Marginal NOx emission reduction costs are similar to those of Western countries and national total NOx reduction costs are relatively high. In contrast with fuel switching, retrofitting of existing technologies is an attractive SO2 and NOx reduction option in the short term. High interest and discount rates due to capital scarcity increases emissions and emission reduction costs. Therefore, short term involvement of Western investors could lead to European cost-effective emission reduction.


Back to List