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Publications from author Tool, C.J.J. 
Janssen, G.J.M.; Tool, C.J.J.; Kossen, E.J.; Aken, B.B. van; Carr, A.J.; Romijn, I.G.;
Aspects of bifacial cell efficiency
ECN-W--17-031 EN september 2017; 8 pag.
Published in: Energy Procedia (Elsevier), 2017, Ed.124, p.76-83.
 
Aken, B.B. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Kossen, E.J.; Carr, A.J.; Janssen, G.J.M.; Newman, B.K.; Romijn, I.G.;
Bifacial aspects of industrial n-Pasha solar cells
ECN-W--17-016 EN juni 2017; 4 pag.
Published in: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics (The Japan Society of Applied Physics), 2017, Ed.56, p.1-4.
 
Stodolny, M.K.; Janssen, G.J.M.; Aken, B.B. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Romijn, I.G.; Venema, P.; Renes, M.; Siarheyeva, O.; Granneman, E.; Wang, J.; Ma, J.; Cui, J.; Lang, F.; Hu, Zhiyan; Loffler, J.;
PID- and UVID-free n-type solar cells and modules
ECN-W--16-022 EN augustus 2016; 8 pag.
Published in: Energy Procedia (Elsevier), 2016, Ed.92, p.609-616.
 
Janssen, G.J.M.; Wu, Y.; Tool, C.J.J.; Romijn, I.G.; Fell, A.;
Extraction of recombination properties from lifetime data
ECN-W--16-023 EN augustus 2016; 8 pag.
Published in: Energy Procedia (Elsevier), 2016, Ed.92, p.88-95.
 
Stodolny, M.K.; Janssen, G.J.M.; Aken, B.B. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Romijn, I.G.; Venema, P.; Renes, M.; Siarheyeva, O.; Granneman, E.; Wang, J.; Ma, J.; Cui, J.; Lang, F.; Hu, Z.; Loffler, J.;
PID and UVID resistant n-type solar cells and modules
ECN-M--16-016 EN juni 2016; 4 pag.
 
Newman, B.K.; Bende, E.E.; Aken, B.B. van; Koppes, M.; Okel, L.A.G.; Loffler, J.; Romijn, I.G.; Gutjahr, A.; Tool, C.J.J.; Guillevin, N.; Geerligs, L.J.; Wang, J.; Zhai, jinye; Wang, Z.; Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.;
Manipulating reverse current in 21% n-MWT cells
ECN-M--15-042 EN september 2015; 6 pag.
 
Janssen, G.J.M.; Koppes, M.; Komatsu, Y.; Anker, J.; Liu, J.; Gutjahr, A.; Mewe, A.A.; Tool, C.J.J.; Romijn, I.G.; Siarheyeva, O.; Ernst, M.A.; Loo, B.H.W. van de; Kessels, W.M.M.;
Front side improvements for n-Pasha solar cells
ECN-M--14-047 EN september 2014; 4 pag.
 
Guillevin, N.; Gutjahr, A.; Geerligs, L.J.; Anker, J.; Bende, E.E.; Bennett, I.J.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Okel, L.A.G.; Slooff, L.H.; Broek, K.M.; Späth, M.; Tool, C.J.J.; Aken, B.B. van; Romijn, I.G.; Jianming, Wang; Ziqian, Wang; Zhai, jinye; Zhiliang, Wan; Shuquan, Tian; Zhiyan, Hu ; Gaofei, Li ; Bo, Yu; Jingfeng, Xiong ;
High efficiency n-type metal wrap through cells and modules using industrial processes
ECN-M--14-049 EN september 2014; 6 pag.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Aken, B.B. van; Anker, J.; Bennett, I.J.; Geerligs, L.J.; Guillevin, N.; Gutjahr, A.; Kossen, E.J.; Koppes, M.; Tool, C.J.J.; Renes, M.; Venema, P.; Ommen, N. van; Bakker, J.;
Improvements in advanced industrial n-type solar cells and modules
ECN-V--14-014 EN september 2014; 10 pag.
Published in: Photovoltaics International (PV-Tech), 2014, Ed.25 (September 2014), p.58-68.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Janssen, G.J.M.; Koppes, M.; Liu, J.; Komatsu, Y.; Gutjahr, A.; Kossen, E.J.; Mewe, A.A.; Tool, C.J.J.; Siarheyeva, O.; Ernst, M.A.;
Towards 21% : front side improvements for n-Pasha solar cells
ECN-M--14-029 EN mei 2014; 8 pag.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Aken, B.B. van; Anker, J.; Barton, P.C.; Gutjahr, A.; Komatsu, Y.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Saynova,  D.S.; Tool, C.J.J.; Zhang, Y.;
Industrial cost effective N-PASHA solar cells with >20% efficiency
ECN-M--13-026 EN september 2013; 5 pag.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Kossen, E.J.; Bennett, I.J.;
p-Type MWT: integrated cell and module technology
ECN-M--13-031 EN september 2013; 4 pag.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Gutjahr, A.; Saynova - Oosterling, D.S.; Anker, J.; Kossen, E.J.; Tool, C.J.J.;
Cost effective n-Pasha solar cells with efficiency above 20%
ECN-V--13-009 EN mei 2013; 7 pag.
Published in: Photovoltaics International (PV-Tech), 2013, Ed.20, p.33-40.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Anker, J.; Burgers, A.R.; Gutjahr, A.; Heurtault, Benoit; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Saynova - Oosterling, D.S.; Tool, C.J.J.;
Industrial n-type solar cells with >20% cell efficiency
ECN-M--13-005 EN maart 2013; 7 pag.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Kossen, E.J.; Bennett, I.J.;
P-type MWT: Integrated Cell and Module Technology
ECN-M--13-006 EN maart 2013; 10 pag.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Aken, B.B. van; Anker, J.; Burgers, A.R.; Gutjahr, A.; Heurtault, B.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Saynova - Oosterling, D.S.; Tool, C.J.J.; Fang,  Lang; Jingfeng, Xiong ; Gaofei, Li ; Zhuo, Xu; Hongfang, Wang; Zhiyan, Hu ; Venema, P.; Vlooswijk, A.H.G.;
Industrial implementation of efficiency improvements in n-type solar cells and modules
ECN-M--12-065 EN november 2012; 7 pag.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Kossen, E.J.; Bennett, I.J.; Kloos, M.J.H.; Eerenstein, W.;
Improved efficiency and cost of ownership for p-type MWT cell and module technology
ECN-M--12-071 EN november 2012; 8 pag.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Aken, B.B. van; Anker, J.; Burgers, A.R.; Gutjahr, A.; Heurtault, B.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Saynova - Oosterling, D.S.; Tool, C.J.J.; Fang,  Lang; Jingfeng, Xiong ; Gaofei, Li ; Zhuo, Xu; Hongfang, Wang; Zhiyan, Hu ; Venema, P.; Vlooswijk, A.H.G.;
Industrial implementation of efficiency improvements in n-type solar cells and modules
ECN-M--12-049 EN september 2012; 5 pag.
 
Bultman, J.H.; Hoornstra, J.; Komatsu, Y.; Romijn, I.G.; Stassen, A.F.; Tool, C.J.J.;
Inline processing of crystalline silicon solar cells: the holy grail for large-scale manufacturing?
ECN-W--09-026 EN augustus 2009; 7 pag.
Published in: Photovoltaics International (PV-Tech), 2009, Ed.PVI-5-14-2, p.77-83.
 
Hoogboom, J.; Oosterholt, J.; Ritmeijer, S.; Groenewoud, L.; Stassen, A.F.; Koppes, M.; Tool, C.J.J.; Bultman, J.H.;
Surface modification for efficiency improvement of inline solar cell manufacture
ECN-W--08-062 EN november 2008; 5 pag.
Published in: Photovoltaics International (PV-Tech), 2008, Ed.2, p.54-59.
 
Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Romijn, I.G.; Gagliardo, M.; Donker, M.N. van den; Tool, C.J.J.; Weeber, A.W.;
Going to finite source emitter: improved emitter technology by reduction of the dead P-layer for high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells
ECN-M--08-004 EN februari 2008; 5 pag.
Presented at: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Valencia, Spain, 1-5 september 2008.
 
Hoornstra, J.; Strien, W.J. van; Lamers, M.W.P.E.; Tool, C.J.J.; Weeber, A.W.;
High throughput in-line diffusion: emitter and cell results
ECN-M--07-102 EN september 2007; 0 pag.
Presented at: 22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Milan, Italy, 3-7 september 2007.
 
Geerligs, L.J.; Tool, C.J.J.; Kinderman, R.; Röver, I.; Wambach, K.; Kopecek, R.; Buck, T.; Libal, J.; Petres, R.; Fath, P.; Sánchez-Friera, P.; Alonso, J.; Acciarri, M.; Binetti, S.; Pizzini, S.;
N-type solar grade silicon for efficient p+n solar cells: overview and main results of the EC NESSI project
ECN-RX--06-021 EN september 2006; 4 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Koppes, M.; Weeber, A.W.; Fleuster, M.; van Straaten, B.H.M.;
Almost 1% absolute efficiency increase in mc-Si solar cell manufacturing with simple adjustments to the processing sequence
ECN-RX--06-028 EN september 2006; 5 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Coletti, G.; Borg, N.J.C.M. van der; Iuliis, S. de; Tool, C.J.J.; Geerligs, L.J.;
Mechanical Strength of Silicon Wafers depending on Wafer Thickness and Surface Treatment
ECN-RX--06-032 EN september 2006; 4 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Weeber, A.W.; Kinderman, R.; Tool, C.J.J.; Jong, P.C. de;
17% cell efficiencies on large back-contacted multi-crystalline silicon solar cells
ECN-RX--06-034 EN september 2006; 4 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Weeber, A.W.; Tool, C.J.J.; Manshanden, P.; Tathgar, O.; Gjerstad, M.; McCann, M.; Raabe, B.; Huster, F.; Fath, P.; Ponce-Alcantara, S.; Coello, J.; Canizo, C. del; Roberts, S.; Bruton, T.M.; Heasman, K.C.; Nagel, H.; Lenkeit, B.; Schmidt, W.; Russell, R.; Devenport, S.;
Record cell efficiencies on mc-Si and a roadmap towards 20%, the EC project TOPSICLE
ECN-RX--06-035 EN september 2006; 6 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Romijn, I.G.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Tool, C.J.J.; Weeber, A.W.;
High efficiencies on mc-Si solar cells enabled by industrial firing through rear side passivating SiNx:H
ECN-RX--06-036 EN september 2006; 4 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Lenkeit, B.; Russell, R.; Wild - Scholten, M.J. de; Nagel, H.; Schmidt, W.; Weeber, A.W.; Tool, C.J.J.; Tathgar, H.; Gjerstad, Ø.; McCann, M.; Raabe, B.; Huster, F.; Canizo, C. del; Roberts, S.; Bruton, T.M.;
Evaluation of high-efficiency mc-Si cell processing technologies regarding environmental impact and industrial applicability
ECN-RX--06-040 EN september 2006; 7 pag.
Presented at: 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Dresden, Germany, 4-8 september 2006.
 
Granek, F.J.; Weeber, A.W.; Tool, C.J.J.; Kinderman, R.; Jong, P.C. de;
System approach to reduce process-induced shunts in back-contacted mc-Si solar cells
ECN-RX--06-004 EN mei 2006; 4 pag.
Presented at: 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Waikoloa, Hawaii, 7-12 mei 2006.
 
Weeber, A.W.; Kinderman, R.; Tool, C.J.J.; Granek, F.J.; Jong, P.C. de;
How to achieve 17% cell efficiencies on large back-contacted mc-Si solar cells
ECN-RX--06-009 EN mei 2006; 4 pag.
Presented at: 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Waikoloa, Hawaii, 7-12 mei 2006.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Hoornstra, J.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Rieffe, H.C.; Romijn, I.G.; Weeber, A.W.;
17% mc-Si solar cell efficiency using full in-line processing
ECN-RX--05-110 EN oktober 2005; 2 pag.
Presented at: 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference & Solar Energy Exhibition, Shanghai, China, 10-15 oktober 2005.
 
Coletti, G.; Tool, C.J.J.; Geerligs, L.J.;
Mechanical strength of silicon wafers and its modelling
ECN-RX--05-133 EN augustus 2005; 4 pag.
Presented at: 15th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells & Modules: Materials and Processes, Vail CO, USA, 7-10 augustus 2005.
 
Weeber, A.W.; Granek, F.J.; Hoornstra, J.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Rieffe, H.C.; Romijn, I.G.; Tool, C.J.J.;
17% mc-Si solar cell efficiency using completely in-line processing with improved texturing and screen-printed contacts on lowly doped emitters
ECN-RX--05-008 EN juni 2005; 6 pag.
Presented at: 20th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 6-10 juni 2005.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Coletti, G.; Granek, F.J.; Hoornstra, J.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Rieffe, H.C.; Romijn, I.G.; Weeber, A.W.;
Straightforward in-line processing for a 16.8% efficient mc-Si solar cell
ECN-RX--05-049 EN 2005; 4 pag.
Presented at: 31st IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Orlando, FL, USA, 3-5 januari 2005.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Rieffe, H.C.; Kinderman, R.; Geerligs, L.J.; Kopecek, R.; Wambach, K.;
Solar cells on N-type multicrystalline silicon wafers by industrial processing techniques
ECN-RX--04-061 EN juni 2004; 4 pag.
Presented at: 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Paris, France, 7-11 juni 2004.
 
Weeber, A.W.; Burgers, A.R.; Goris, M.J.A.A.; Koppes, M.; Kossen, E.J.; Rieffe, H.C.; Soppe, W.J.; Tool, C.J.J.; Bultman, J.H.;
16% mc-Si cell efficiencies using industrial in-line processing
ECN-RX--04-064 EN juni 2004; 4 pag.
Presented at: 19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Paris, France, 7-11 juni 2004.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Manshanden, P.; Burgers, A.R.; Weeber, A.W.;
Wafer Thickness, Texture and Performance of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
ECN-RX--04-030 EN 2004; 8 pag.
Presented at: 14th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference ( PVSEC), Bangkok, Thailand, 26-30 januari 2004.
 
Bultman, J.H.; Eikelboom, D.W.K.; Kinderman, R.; Tip, A.C.; Tool, C.J.J.; Weeber, A.W.; Nieuwenhof, M.A.C.J. van den; Schoofs, C.; Schuurmans, F.M.;
Fast and easy single step module assembly for back-contacted c-si solar cells with conductive adhesives
ECN-RX--03-019 EN mei 2003; 4 pag.
Presented at: 3rd World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Osaka, Japan, 11-18 mei 2003.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Burgers, A.R.; Manshanden, P.; Weeber, A.W.;
Higher efficiency for thin multi crystalline silicon solar cells by improving the rear surface passivation
ECN-RX--02-022 EN mei 2002; 4 pag.
Presented at: 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, New Orleans, USA, 20-24 mei 2002.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Burgers, A.R.; Manshanden, P.; Weeber, A.W.; Straaten, B.H.M. van;
Effect of wafer thickness on the performance of mc-Si solar cells
ECN-RX--01-023 EN oktober 2001; 4 pag.
Presented at: 17th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Munich, Germany, 22-26 oktober 2001.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Burgers, A.R.; Manshanden, P.; Weeber, A.W.; Straaten, B.H.M. van;
Influence of wafer thickness on the performance of multicrystalline Si solar cells : an experimental study
ECN-RX--01-041 EN oktober 2001; 18 pag.
Published in: Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications (John Wiley & Sons Ltd.), 2002, Ed.10, p.279-291.
 
Wentink, C.H.M.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Wild - Scholten, M.J. de; Lafleur, M.C.C.;
Regelgeving ten aanzien van cadmium in zonnepanelen : interpretatie en consequenties van Nederlandse en Europese regelgeving voor toepassing van cadmium in zonnepanelen en gebruik van zulke zonnepanelen
ECN-I--01-010 NL juli 2001; 11 pag.
 
Groenendaal, B.J.; Lange, T.J. de; Lako, P.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Wild - Scholten, M.J. de;
Critical success factors for the large-scale introduction of grid-connected photovoltaic systems : a survey focusing on the non-technical aspects
ECN-C--00-086 EN november 2000; 76 pag.
 
Bossert, R.H.; Vaan, M.J.M. de; Tool, C.J.J.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Wentink, C.H.M.;
Thin-film solar cells: technology evaluation and perspectives
ECN-RX--00-005 EN mei 2000; 58 pag.
Published in: To be published by Novem as Novem report DV1.1.70 (), , Ed., p.-.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Schiermeier, S.E.A.; Gutjahr, A.; Laas, L.J.; Moor, H.H.C. de;
LPE-deposition of crystalline silicon layers on recrystallised silicon-based ceramics
ECN-RX--00-022 EN mei 2000; 3 pag.
Presented at: 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Glasgow, Scotland, 1-5 mei 2000.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Daey Ouwens, J.;
CISZO: the potential of CIS solar cells
ECN-C--99-046 EN juni 1999; 23 pag.
 
Burgers, A.R.; Tool, C.J.J.; Hylton, J.D.; Weeber, A.W.; Verholen, A.G.B.J.; Gardeniers, J.G.E.; Boer, M.J. de; Elwenspoek, M.C.; Twente University, ;
Silicon solar cells structured by reactive ion etching and processed with screen printing
ECN-RX--98-037 EN juli 1998; 4 pag.
Published in: Paper, presented at the 2nd World conference and exhibition on photovoltaic solar energy conversion, Vienna, Austria, 6-10 July (), , Ed., p.-.
 
Keitz, A. von; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Schiermeier, S.E.A.; Fung, F.; Christie, G.M.; Zutphen, A.J.M.M. van;
Improvement of low cost ceramic substrates for use in thin film silicon solar cells
ECN-RX--98-045 EN 1998; 6 pag.
Published in: Paper, presented at the 2nd World conference and exhibition on photovoltaic solar energy conversion, Vienna, Austria, 06-10 July (), , Ed., p.-.
 
Schiermeier, S.E.A.; Tool, C.J.J.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Laas, L.J.; Keitz, A. von; Sinke, W.C.;
LPE-growth of crystalline silicon layers on ceramic substrates
ECN-RX--98-034 EN 1998; 6 pag.
Published in: Paper, presented at the 2nd World conference and exhibition on photovoltaic solar energy conversion, Vienna, Austria, 06-10 July (), , Ed., p.-.
 
Tool, C.J.J.; Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Schiermeier, S.E.A.; Huiberts, R.C.; Christie, G.M.; Sinke, W.C.;
Thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells in ceramic substrates
ECN-RX--97-031 EN 1997; 6 pag.
Published in: Paper, presented at the 14th European photovoltaic solar energy conference and exhibition, 30 June - 4 July 1997, Barcelona, Spa (), , Ed., p.-.
 
Roosmalen, J.A.M. van; Tool, C.J.J.; Huiberts, R.C.; Beenen, R.J.G.; Huijsmans, J.P.P.; Sinke, W.C.;
Ceramic substates for thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells
ECN-RX--96-023 EN 1996; 6 pag.